Access Control

Smart contracts require the ability to restrict access to and identify certain users or contracts. Unlike account-based blockchains, transactions in UTXO-based blockchains (i.e. Fuel) do not necessarily have a unique transaction sender. Additional logic is needed to handle this difference, and is provided by the standard library.

msg_sender

To deliver an experience akin to the EVM's access control, the std library provides a msg_sender function, which identifies a unique caller based upon the call and/or transaction input data.

contract;

abi MyOwnedContract {
    fn receive(field_1: u64) -> bool;
}

const OWNER = Address::from(0x9ae5b658754e096e4d681c548daf46354495a437cc61492599e33fc64dcdc30c);

impl MyOwnedContract for Contract {
    fn receive(field_1: u64) -> bool {
        let sender = msg_sender().unwrap();
        if let Identity::Address(addr) = sender {
            assert(addr == OWNER);
        } else {
            revert(0);
        }

        true
    }
}

The msg_sender function works as follows:

• If the caller is a contract, then Ok(Sender) is returned with the ContractId sender variant.
• If the caller is external (i.e. from a script), then all coin input owners in the transaction are checked. If all owners are the same, then Ok(Sender) is returned with the Address sender variant.
• If the caller is external and coin input owners are different, then the caller cannot be determined and a Err(AuthError) is returned.

Contract Ownership

Many contracts require some form of ownership for access control. The SRC-5 Ownership Standard has been defined to provide an interoperable interface for ownership within contracts.

To accomplish this, use the Ownership Library to keep track of the owner. This allows setting and revoking ownership using the variants Some(..) and None respectively. This is better, safer, and more readable than using the Identity type directly where revoking ownership has to be done using some magic value such as std::constants::ZERO_B256 or otherwise.

• The following is an example of how to properly lock a function such that only the owner may call a function:

    #[storage(read)]
    fn only_owner() {
        storage.owner.only_owner();
        // Do stuff here
    }

Setting ownership can be done in one of two ways; During compile time or run time.

• The following is an example of how to properly set ownership of a contract during compile time:

storage {
    owner: Ownership = Ownership::initialized(Identity::Address(Address::from(ZERO_B256))),
}

• The following is an example of how to properly set ownership of a contract during run time:

    #[storage(write)]
    fn set_owner(identity: Identity) {
        storage.owner.set_ownership(identity);
    }

• The following is an example of how to properly revoke ownership of a contract:

    #[storage(write)]
    fn revoke_ownership() {
        storage.owner.renounce_ownership();
    }

• The following is an example of how to properly retrieve the state of ownership:

    #[storage(read)]
    fn owner() -> State {
        storage.owner.owner()
    }